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All of Kentucky's counties have been tested to varying depths for oil and gas resources. In 2004, production was reported from 65 counties. In general, oil production dominates in the western coal field and south-central areas of Kentucky; the eastern coal field produces mostly natural gas. Kentucky has an estimated 18,000 producing oil wells and 13,000 producing gas wells.
The majority of those producing wells are in the "stripper" category, having daily production rates of 60 million Btu or less (10 barrels of oil or 60,000 cubic feet of gas). Many wells are reported with initial daily production rates in excess of 580 million Btu (100 barrels of oil or 580,000 cubic feet of gas). In 2004, production totaled 2.54 million barrels of oil and 94 billion cubic feet of natural gas. Annually, Kentucky produces only 12 percent of the 921 trillion Btu of oil and natural gas consumed in the state.
Petroleum is produced at various depths from limestone, sandstone, and shale of Cambrian through Pennsylvanian age. In some areas of the state oil is still produced from depths of less than 100 feet. Wells producing natural gas from the Cambrian Rome Formation are currently Kentucky's deepest producers, with some zones exceeding 7,500 feet. The overall average total depth of oil and gas wells drilled in the state is less than 1,500 feet. The average depth for wells drilled in 2001 is more than 2,700 feet. This increase represents the exploration for deeper producing zones and the continuing efforts to develop the Devonian shale natural gas resource; both occur primarily in eastern Kentucky.
Exploration for potential deep gas resources (Zones include: Trenton/Black River, Rough Creek Graben, East Continent Rift Basin, and Rome Trough). Devonian shale gas production will be extended into western Kentucky as the gas-gathering, compression, pipeline, and processing infrastructure is expand.